Difference between revisions of "County flowers"

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'''County flowers''' are wildflowers representative of counties.  A county flower was chosen for each county in the United Kingdom after competitions run by PlantLife, a charity, beginning in 2002.
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 +
==The PlantLife campaign ==
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 +
Plantlife wanted to commemorate the Queen's Jubilee in 2002 by putting wild flowers on the map, and launched a campaign to ask every county to choose its own wild flower emblem. The nation was asked to choose a wild flower emblem to represent their county or city.
 +
 +
===The competitions===
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 +
In its first year, people were asked to vote for any wild flower that they felt best represented their county.  The following year, the competition was whittled down to the top two for each of the 92 counties in the United Kingdom, for the Isle of Man and for the largest cities; 109 in all.  The results were announced on 5th May 2004 and are published on PlantLife’s website.
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 +
Norfolk was the one example of a change after a flower had been chosen.  The initial vote chose alexanders (''smyrnium olusatrum''), but vocal local feeling against the choice forced a change, and so the common poppy (''papaver rhoeas'') was chosen instead.
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 +
===UK's favourite flower===
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 +
The first round of voting for County Flowers yielded the native bluebell as a clear favourite across the country, topping the list in many of the counties.  The bluebell was crowned the wild flower emblem for the whole of the United Kingdom, and was endorsed by the PlantLife's patron, HRH The Prince of Wales.
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 +
===Why a wildflower emblem?===
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 +
Flowers are a powerful means of expression - everyone recognises the poppy, iconic image of remembrance for those who fell in battle. The simple dog-rose has appeared on heraldic banners for over a thousand years and many towns and villages are named after plants – [[Bromley]] is named after the broom, [[Ramsey, Huntingdonshire|Ramsey]] after ramson, otherwise known as wild garlic.
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 +
==Reasons for the campaign==
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 +
Plantlife launched the County Flowers campaign in order to highlight the threat that wildflowers are facing in Britain.  A recent report from the charity shows that, on average, every county in the United Kingdom is losing one species of wild plant every two years due to habitat loss, pollution and intensive farming.
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==The flowers chosen==
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 +
Many of the wildflowers chosen as county flowers are rare. Some are found only in the county or in narrow ranges.  Some counties share a flower, for example the pasqueflower is the county flower for [[Cambridgeshire]] and [[Hertfordshire]], the harebell for [[County Antrim]], [[Dumfriesshire]] and [[Yorkshire]].
 +
 
The following are the flowers selected for the counties of the United Kingdom in Plantlife's 2002 "County Flowers" campaign.
 
The following are the flowers selected for the counties of the United Kingdom in Plantlife's 2002 "County Flowers" campaign.
  
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid grey;" cellpadding="2"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid grey;" cellpadding="2"
−
!County!!Common name!!Scientific name!!County status
+
!County!!Common name!!Scientific name!!Status!!
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Aberdeenshire]]||Bearberry||Arctostaphylos uva-ursi||Native
+
|[[Aberdeenshire]]||Bearberry||''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi''||Native||[[File:Arctostaphylos-uva-ursi.JPG|100px|Bearberry]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Anglesey]]||Spotted Rock-rose||Tuberaria guttata||Native
+
|[[Anglesey]]||Spotted Rock-rose||''Tuberaria guttata''||Native||[[File:Tuberaria guttata01.jpg|100px|Spotted rock-rose]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Angus]]||Alpine Catchfly||Lychnis alpina||Native
+
|[[Angus]]||Alpine Catchfly||''Lychnis alpina''||Native||[[File:Lychnis.jpg|100px|Alpine catchfly]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[County Antrim]]||Harebell||Campanula rotundifolia||Native
+
|[[County Antrim]]||Harebell||''Campanula rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Harebells.jpg|100px|Harebell]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Argyllshire]]||Foxglove||Digitalis purpurea||Native
+
|[[Argyllshire]]||Foxglove||''Digitalis purpurea''||Native||[[File:Digitalis-stora hultrum.sweden-15.jpg|100px|Foxglove]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[County Armagh]]||Cowbane||Cicuta virosa||Native
+
|[[County Armagh]]||Cowbane||''Cicuta virosa''||Native||[[File:Cicuta virosa 003.JPG|100px|Cowbane]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Ayrshire]]||Green-winged Orchid||Anacamptis morio||Native
+
|[[Ayrshire]]||Green-winged Orchid||''Anacamptis morio''||Native||[[File:Orchis morio plants.jpg|100px|Green-winged orchid]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Banffshire]]||Dark-red Helleborine||Epipactis atrorubens||Native
+
|[[Banffshire]]||Dark-red Helleborine||''Epipactis atrorubens''||Native||[[File:Epipactis atrorubens.jpg|100px|Dark red helleborine]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Bedfordshire]]||Bee Orchid||Ophrys apifera||Native
+
|[[Bedfordshire]]||Bee Orchid||''Ophrys apifera''||Native||[[File:Ophrys apifera flower2.jpg|100px|Bee orchid]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Berkshire]]||Summer Snowflake||Leucojum aestivum||Native
+
|[[Berkshire]]||Summer Snowflake||''Leucojum aestivum''||Native||[[File:Leucojum aestivum02.jpg|100px|Summer snowflake]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Berwickshire]]||Rock-rose||Helianthemum nummularium||Native
+
|[[Berwickshire]]||Rock-rose||''Helianthemum nummularium''||Native||[[File:Solvända.jpg|100px|Rock-rose]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Brecknockshire]]||Cuckooflower||Cardamine pratensis||Native
+
|[[Brecknockshire]]||Cuckooflower||''Cardamine pratensis''||Native||[[File:Pinksterbloem.jpg|100px|Cuckooflower]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Buckinghamshire]]||Chiltern Gentian||Gentianella germanica||Native
+
|[[Buckinghamshire]]||Chiltern Gentian||''Gentianella germanica''||Native||[[File:Enz 5Z.jpg|100px|Chiltern gentian]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Buteshire]]||Thrift||Armeria maritima||Native
+
|[[Buteshire]]||Thrift||''Armeria maritima''||Native||[[File:Zawciag nadmorski Ameria maritima maritima.jpg|100px|Thrift]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Caernarfonshire]]||Snowdon Lily||Lloydia serotina||Native
+
|[[Caernarfonshire]]||Snowdon Lily||''Lloydia serotina''||Native||[[File:Lloydia serotina.jpg|100px|Snowdon lily]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Caithness]]||Scots Primrose||Primula scotica||Native
+
|[[Caithness]]||Scots Primrose||''Primula scotica''||Native||[[File:Scottish Primrose (Primula scotica) - geograph.org.uk - 822246.jpg|100px|Scottish primrose]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Cambridgeshire]]||Pasqueflower||Pulsatilla vulgaris||Native
+
|[[Cambridgeshire]]||Pasqueflower||''Pulsatilla vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Pulsatilla vulgaris-700px.jpg|100px|Pasqueflower]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Cardiganshire]]||Bog-rosemary||Andromeda polifolia||Native
+
|[[Cardiganshire]]||Bog-rosemary||''Andromeda polifolia''||Native||[[File:Andromeda polifolia bloom.jpg|100px|Bog-rosemary]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Carmarthenshire]]||Whorled Caraway||Carum verticillatum||Native
+
|[[Carmarthenshire]]||Whorled Caraway||''Carum verticillatum''||Native||[[File:Whorled Caraway (Carum verticillatum) - geograph.org.uk - 1431105.jpg|100px|Whorled caraway]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Cheshire]]||Cuckooflower||Cardamine pratensis||Native
+
|[[Cheshire]]||Cuckooflower||''Cardamine pratensis''||Native||[[File:Pinksterbloem.jpg|100px|Cuckooflower]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Clackmannanshire]]||Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage||Chrysosplenium oppositifolium||Native
+
|[[Clackmannanshire]]||Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage||''Chrysosplenium oppositifolium''||Native||[[File:Chrysosplenium oppositifolium 240405b.jpg|100px|Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Cornwall]]||Cornish Heath||Erica vagans||Native
+
|[[Cornwall]]||Cornish Heath||''Erica vagans''||Native||[[File:Erica vagans.JPG|100px|Cornish Heath]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[County Durham]]||Spring Gentian||Gentiana verna||Native
+
|[[Cromartyshire]]||Spring Cinquefoil||''Potentilla neumanniana''||Native||[[File:Potentilla neumanniana (1).jpg|100px|Spring cinquefoil]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Cromartyshire]]||Spring Cinquefoil||Potentilla neumanniana||Native
+
|[[Cumberland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||''Parnassia palustris''||Native||[[File:DwNorthernGrassofParnassus.jpg|100px|Grass-of-Parnassus]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Cumberland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||Parnassia palustris||Native
+
|[[Denbighshire]]||Limestone Woundwort||''Stachys alpina''||Native||[[File:Stachys alpina fontaine-des-carmes 55 080602 1.JPG|100px|Limestone woundwort]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Denbighshire]]||Limestone Woundwort||Stachys alpina||Native
+
|[[Derbyshire]]||Jacob's-ladder||''Polemonium caeruleum''||Native||[[File:Polemonium coeruleum1.jpg|100px|Jacob's-ladder]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Derbyshire]]||Jacob's-ladder||Polemonium caeruleum||Native
+
|[[Devon]]||Primrose||''Primula vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Primula vulgaris.jpg|100px|Primrose]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Devon]]||Primrose||Primula vulgaris||Native
+
|[[Dorset]]||Dorset Heath||''Erica ciliaris''||Native||[[File:Erica ciliaris.jpg|100px|Dorset heath]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Dorset]]||Dorset Heath||Erica ciliaris||Native
+
|[[County Down]]||Spring Squill||''Scilla verna''||Native||[[File:Scilla verna Cornwall.jpg|100px|Spring squill]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[County Down]]||Spring Squill||Scilla verna||Native
+
|[[Dumfriesshire]]||Harebell||''Campanula rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Harebells.jpg|100px|Harebell]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Dumfriesshire]]||Harebell||Campanula rotundifolia||Native
+
|[[Dunbartonshire]]||Lesser Water-plantain||''Baldellia ranunculoides''||Native||[[File:BaldelliaRanunculoides.jpg|100px|Water-plantain]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Dunbartonshire]]||Lesser Water-plantain||Baldellia ranunculoides||Native
+
|[[County Durham]]||Spring Gentian||''Gentiana verna''||Native||[[File:Gentiana verna.jpg|100px|Spring gentian]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[East Lothian]]||Viper's-bugloss||Echium vulgare||Native
+
|[[East Lothian]]||Viper's-bugloss||''Echium vulgare''||Native||[[File:Viper's Bugloss - geograph.org.uk - 876289.jpg|100px|Viper's-bugloss]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Essex]]||Common Poppy||Papaver rhoeas||Native
+
|[[Essex]]||Common Poppy||''Papaver rhoeas''||Native||[[File:CornPoppies.JPG|100px|Poppy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Fermanagh]]||Globeflower||Trollius europaeus||Native
+
|[[Fermanagh]]||Globeflower||''Trollius europaeus''||Native||[[File:Trollius europaeus 020503.jpg|100px|Globeflower]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Fife]]||Coralroot Orchid||Corallorrhiza trifida||Native
+
|[[Fife]]||Coralroot Orchid||''Corallorrhiza trifida''||Native||[[File:Corallorrhiza_trifida_02_mg-k.jpg|100px|Coralroot orchid]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Flintshire]]||Bell Heather||Erica cinerea||Native
+
|[[Flintshire]]||Bell Heather||''Erica cinerea''||Native||[[File:Grauheide.jpg|100px|Bell heather]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Glamorgan]]||Yellow Whitlowgrass||Draba aizoides||Native
+
|[[Glamorgan]]||Yellow Whitlowgrass||''Draba aizoides''||Native||[[File:Draba aizoides a4.jpg|100px|Yellow whitlowgrass]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Gloucestershire]]||Wild Daffodil||Narcissus pseudonarcissus||Native
+
|[[Gloucestershire]]||Wild Daffodil||''Narcissus pseudonarcissus''||Native||[[File:Narcissus pseudonarcissus0.jpg|100px|Wild daffodil]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Hampshire]]||Dog-rose||Rosa canina||Native
+
|[[Hampshire]]||Dog-rose||''Rosa canina''||Native||[[File:Wild rose flower.jpg|100px|Dog-rose]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Herefordshire]]||Mistletoe||Viscum album||Native
+
|[[Herefordshire]]||Mistletoe||''Viscum album''||Native||[[File:MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpg|100px|Mistletoe]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Hertfordshire]]||Pasqueflower||Pulsatilla vulgaris||Native
+
|[[Hertfordshire]]||Pasqueflower||''Pulsatilla vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Pulsatilla vulgaris-700px.jpg|100px|Pasqueflower]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Huntingdonshire]]||Water-violet||Hottonia palustris||Native
+
|[[Huntingdonshire]]||Water-violet||''Hottonia palustris''||Native||[[File:HottoniaPalustrisInflorescence.jpg|100px|Water-violet]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Inverness-shire]]||Twinflower||Linnaea borealis||Native
+
|[[Inverness-shire]]||Twinflower||''Linnaea borealis''||Native||[[File:Linnaea borealis.jpg|100px|Twinflower]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Isle of Man]]||Fuchsia||Fuchsia magellanica||Archaeophyte
+
|[[Kent]]||Hop||''Humulus lupulus''||Native||[[File:Humulus.jpg|100px|Hop]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Kent]]||Hop||Humulus lupulus||Native
+
|[[Kincardineshire]]||Clustered bellflower||''Campanula glomerata''||Native||[[File:Viper's Bugloss - geograph.org.uk - 876289.jpg|100px|Viper's bugloss]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Kinross-shire]]||Holy-grass||Hierochloe odorata||Native
+
|[[Kinross-shire]]||Holy-grass||''Hierochloe odorata''||Native||[[File:Hierochloe odorata kz.jpg|100px|Holy-grass]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Kirkcudbrightshire]]||Bog-rosemary||Andromeda polifolia||Native
+
|[[Kirkcudbrightshire]]||Bog-rosemary||''Andromeda polifolia''||Native||[[File:Andromeda polifolia bloom.jpg|100px|Bog-rosemary]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Lanarkshire]]||Dune Helleborine||Epipactis leptochila||Native
+
|[[Lanarkshire]]||Dune Helleborine||''Epipactis leptochila''||Native||[[File:Epipactis leptochila 280705.jpg|100px|Dune helleborine]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Lancashire]]||Red rose||Rosa gallica officinalis||Absent
+
|[[Lancashire]]||Red rose||''Rosa gallica officinalis''||Absent||[[File:Red rose 00090.JPG|100px|Red rose]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Leicestershire]]||Foxglove||Digitalis purpurea||Native
+
|[[Leicestershire]]||Foxglove||''Digitalis purpurea''||Native||[[File:Digitalis-stora hultrum.sweden-15.jpg|100px|Foxglove]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Lincolnshire]]||Common Dog-violet||Viola riviniana||Native
+
|[[Lincolnshire]]||Common Dog-violet||''Viola riviniana''||Native||[[File:Ulrika - Skogsviol, Viola riviniana (by).jpg|100px|Dog violet]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[County Londonderry]]||Purple Saxifrage||Saxifraga oppositifolia||Native
+
|[[County Londonderry]]||Purple Saxifrage||''Saxifraga oppositifolia''||Native||[[File:Purpsaxifrage2.jpg|100px|Purple saxifrage]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Merionethshire]]||Welsh Poppy||Meconopsis cambrica||Native
+
|[[Merionethshire]]||Welsh Poppy||''Meconopsis cambrica''||Native||[[File:Welsh poppy Meconopsis cambrica.JPG|100px|Welsh poppy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Middlesex]]||Wood Anemone||Anemone nemorosa||Native
+
|[[Middlesex]]||Wood Anemone||''Anemone nemorosa''||Native||[[File:Windflower aka.jpg|100px|Wood anemone]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Midlothian]]||Sticky Catchfly||Lychnis viscaria||Native
+
|[[Midlothian]]||Sticky Catchfly||''Lychnis viscaria''||Native||[[File:Lychnis viscaria1.jpg|100px|Sticky catchfly]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Monmouthshire]]||Foxglove||Digitalis purpurea||Native
+
|[[Monmouthshire]]||Foxglove||''Digitalis purpurea''||Native||[[File:Digitalis-stora hultrum.sweden-15.jpg|100px|Foxglove]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Montgomeryshire]]||Spiked Speedwell||Veronica spicata||Native
+
|[[Montgomeryshire]]||Spiked Speedwell||''Veronica spicata''||Native||[[File:Veronica spicata Glory 2.jpg|100px|Spiked speedwell]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Morayshire]]||One-flowered Wintergreen||Moneses uniflora||Native
+
|[[Morayshire]]||One-flowered Wintergreen||''Moneses uniflora''||Native||[[File:Moneses uniflora 300606.jpg|100px|One-flowered wintergreen]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Nairnshire]]||Chickweed Wintergreen||Trientalis europaea||Native
+
|[[Nairnshire]]||Chickweed Wintergreen||''Trientalis europaea''||Native||[[File:Trientalis-europaea.JPG|100px|Chickweed wintergreen]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Norfolk]]||Common Poppy||Papaver rhoeas||Native
+
|[[Norfolk]]||Common Poppy||''Papaver rhoeas''||Native||[[File:CornPoppies.JPG|100px|Poppy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Northamptonshire]]||Cowslip||Primula veris||Native
+
|[[Northamptonshire]]||Cowslip||''Primula veris''||Native||[[File:CowSlipSelsley.jpg|100px|Cowslip]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Northumberland]]||Bloody Crane's-bill||Geranium sanguineum||Native
+
|[[Northumberland]]||Bloody Crane's-bill||''Geranium sanguineum''||Native||[[File:Geranium sanguineum0.jpg|100px|Bloody crane's-bill]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Nottinghamshire]]||Autumn Crocus||Crocus nudiflorus||Archaeophyte
+
|[[Nottinghamshire]]||Autumn Crocus||''Crocus nudiflorus''||Archaeophyte||[[File:Crocus nudiflorus4.jpg|100px|Autumn crocus]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Orkney]]||Alpine Bearberry||Arctostaphylos alpina||Native
+
|[[Orkney]]||Alpine Bearberry||''Arctostaphylos alpina''||Native||[[File:Alpine bearberry in Varrio Nature Reserve, Finland.jpg|100px|Alpine bearberry]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Oxfordshire]]||Snake's-head Fritillary||Fritillaria meleagris||Native
+
|[[Oxfordshire]]||Snake's-head Fritillary||''Fritillaria meleagris''||Native||[[File:Snake's head fritillaria.jpg|100px|Snake's-head fritillary]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Peeblesshire]]||Cloudberry||Rubus chamaemorus||Native
+
|[[Peeblesshire]]||Cloudberry||''Rubus chamaemorus''||Native||[[File:Hjortron.jpg|100px|Cloudberry]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Pembrokeshire]]||Thrift||Armeria maritima||Native
+
|[[Pembrokeshire]]||Thrift||''Armeria maritima''||Native||[[File:Zawciag nadmorski Ameria maritima maritima.jpg|100px|Thrift]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Perthshire]]||Alpine Gentian||Gentiana nivalis||Native
+
|[[Perthshire]]||Alpine Gentian||''Gentiana nivalis''||Native||[[File:N040728029.jpeg|100px|Alpine gentian]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Radnorshire]]||Radnor Lily||Gagea bohemica||Native
+
|[[Radnorshire]]||Radnor Lily||''Gagea bohemica''||Native||[[File:Gagea probably bohemica seglea.JPG|100px|Radnor lily]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Renfrewshire]]||Bogbean||Menyanthes trifoliata||Native
+
|[[Renfrewshire]]||Bogbean||''Menyanthes trifoliata''||Native||[[File:Menyanthes-trifoliata-flower.JPG|100px|Bogbean]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Ross-shire]]||Bog Asphodel||Narthecium ossifragum||Native
+
|[[Ross-shire]]||Bog Asphodel||''Narthecium ossifragum''||Native||[[File:Narthecium ossifragum verblueht.jpg|100px|Bog asphodel]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Roxburghshire]]||Maiden Pink||Dianthus deltoides||Native
+
|[[Roxburghshire]]||Maiden Pink||''Dianthus deltoides''||Native||[[File:Dianthus deltoides Brilliant.JPG|100px|Maiden pink]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Rutland]]||Clustered Bellflower||Campanula glomerata||Native
+
|[[Rutland]]||Clustered Bellflower||''Campanula glomerata''||Native||[[File:Dzwonek skupiony Campanula glomerata.jpg|100px|Clustered bellflower]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Selkirkshire]]||Mountain Pansy||Viola lutea||Native
+
|[[Selkirkshire]]||Mountain Pansy||''Viola lutea''||Native||[[File:Viola lutea subsp.lutea 07072003.JPG|100px|Mountain pansy]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Shetland]]||Shetland Mouse-ear||Cerastium nigrescens||Native
+
|[[Shetland]]||Shetland Mouse-ear||''Cerastium nigrescens''||Native||[[File:Edmondston's Chickweed, Keen of Hamar CRW 2437.JPG|100px|Shetland mouse-ear]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Shropshire]]||Round-leaved Sundew||Drosera rotundifolia||Native
+
|[[Shropshire]]||Round-leaved Sundew||''Drosera rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Drosera-rotundifolia.jpg|100px|Round-leaved sundew]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Somerset]]||Cheddar Pink||Dianthus gratianopolitanus||Native
+
|[[Somerset]]||Cheddar Pink||''Dianthus gratianopolitanus''||Native||[[File:Dianthus gratianopolitanus 3.JPG|100px|Cheddar pink]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Staffordshire]]||Heather||Calluna vulgaris||Native
+
|[[Staffordshire]]||Heather||''Calluna vulgaris''||Native||[[File:Calluna vulgaris 1.jpg|100px|Heather]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Stirlingshire]]||Scottish Dock||Rumex aquaticus||Native
+
|[[Stirlingshire]]||Scottish Dock||''Rumex aquaticus''||Native||[[File:Rumex aquaticus Schwalm GER.jpg|100px|Scottish dock]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Suffolk]]||Oxlip||Primula elatior||Native
+
|[[Suffolk]]||Oxlip||''Primula elatior''||Native||[[File:Essex Oxlip - geograph.org.uk - 403865.jpg|100px|Oxlip]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Surrey]]||Cowslip||Primula veris||Native
+
|[[Surrey]]||Cowslip||''Primula veris''||Native||[[File:CowSlipSelsley.jpg|100px|Cowslip]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Sussex]]||Round-headed Rampion||Phyteuma orbiculare||Native
+
|[[Sussex]]||Round-headed Rampion||''Phyteuma orbiculare''||Native||[[File:5685 - Schynige Platte - Flower.JPG|100px|Round-headed rampion]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Sutherland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||Parnassia palustris||Native
+
|[[Sutherland]]||Grass-of-Parnassus||''Parnassia palustris''||Native||[[File:DwNorthernGrassofParnassus.jpg|100px|Grass-of-Parnassus]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Tyrone]]||Bog-rosemary||Andromeda polifolia||Native
+
|[[Tyrone]]||Bog-rosemary||''Andromeda polifolia''||Native||[[File:Andromeda polifolia bloom.jpg|100px|Bog-rosemary]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Warwickshire]]||Honeysuckle||Lonicera periclymenum||Native
+
|[[Warwickshire]]||Honeysuckle||''Lonicera periclymenum''||Native||[[File:European honeysuckle 800.jpg|100px|Honeysuckle]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[West Lothian]]||Common Spotted-orchid||Dactylorhiza fuchsii||Native
+
|[[West Lothian]]||Common Spotted-orchid||''Dactylorhiza fuchsii''||Native||[[File:DactylorhizaFuchsii.jpg|100px|Common spotted-orchid]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Westmorland]]||Alpine Forget-me-not||Myosotis alpestris||Native
+
|[[Westmorland]]||Alpine Forget-me-not||''Myosotis alpestris''||Native||[[File:Myosotis alpestris a1.jpg|100px|Alpine forget-me-not]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Wigtownshire]]||Yellow Iris||Iris pseudacorus||Native
+
|[[Wigtownshire]]||Yellow Iris||''Iris pseudacorus''||Native||[[File:Iris pseudacorus 01.jpg|100px|Yellow iris]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Wiltshire]]||Burnt Orchid||Neotinea ustulata||Native
+
|[[Wiltshire]]||Burnt Orchid||''Neotinea ustulata''||Native||[[File:Orchis ustulata wiki mg-k02.jpg|100px|Burnt orchid]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Worcestershire]]||Cowslip||Primula veris||Native
+
|[[Worcestershire]]||Cowslip||''Primula veris''||Native||[[File:CowSlipSelsley.jpg|100px|Cowslip]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Yorkshire]]||White Rose||Rosa...|| ?
+
|[[Yorkshire]]||Harebell||''Campanula rotundifolia''||Native||[[File:Campanula rotondifolia.jpg|100px|Harebell]]
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
===Other flowers===
 +
In addition to county flowers, Plantlife determined some city and island flowers.  The island flowers are:
 +
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
| width="25%"|[[File:Fuchsia Magellanica Tas.jpg|100px|Fuchsia]] ||width="25%"| [[File:Dactylorhiza fuchsii hebridensis 01.jpg|100px|Hebridean spotted-orchid]] || width="25%"| [[File:Zawciag nadmorski Ameria maritima maritima.jpg|100px|Thrift]] ||width="100%"| [[File:AnacamptisPyramidalis.jpg|100px|Pyramidal Orchid]]
 +
|-
 +
|[[Isle of Man]]<br/> ''[[Crown dependency]]'' || [[Outer Hebrides]]<br/> ''[[Inverness-shire]] and''<br/>''[[Ross-shire]]'' || [[Isles of Scilly]]<br/>''[[Cornwall]]'' || [[Isle of Wight]]<br/>''[[Hampshire]]''
 +
|-
 +
|Fuchsia<ref>The Isle of Man also has a traditional national flower; the ragwort or ''cushag''</ref><br/>''Fuchsia magellanica'' || Hebridean Spotted-orchid<br/>''Dactylorhiza fuchsii hebridensis'' || Thrift<br/>''Armeria maritima'' || Pyramidal Orchid<br/>''Anacamptis pyramidalis''
 +
|}
 +
 +
==Outside links==
 +
* [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/ PlantLife] charity
 +
* [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/county_flowers/ County flowers page]
 +
 +
==References==
 +
{{Reflist}}
 +
 +
===Books===
 +
* The list of county flowers above is taken from the county flowers page at Plantlife's website [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/county_flowers/].
 +
* County statuses are taken from:
 +
** Stace, C. A., R. G. Ellis, D. H. Kent and D. J. McCosh (2003) ''Vice-county Census Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Great Britain'' Botanical Society of the British Isles
 +
 
[[Category:British counties| ]]
 
[[Category:British counties| ]]

Latest revision as of 16:45, 30 July 2014

County flowers are wildflowers representative of counties. A county flower was chosen for each county in the United Kingdom after competitions run by PlantLife, a charity, beginning in 2002.

The PlantLife campaign

Plantlife wanted to commemorate the Queen's Jubilee in 2002 by putting wild flowers on the map, and launched a campaign to ask every county to choose its own wild flower emblem. The nation was asked to choose a wild flower emblem to represent their county or city.

The competitions

In its first year, people were asked to vote for any wild flower that they felt best represented their county. The following year, the competition was whittled down to the top two for each of the 92 counties in the United Kingdom, for the Isle of Man and for the largest cities; 109 in all. The results were announced on 5th May 2004 and are published on PlantLife’s website.

Norfolk was the one example of a change after a flower had been chosen. The initial vote chose alexanders (smyrnium olusatrum), but vocal local feeling against the choice forced a change, and so the common poppy (papaver rhoeas) was chosen instead.

UK's favourite flower

The first round of voting for County Flowers yielded the native bluebell as a clear favourite across the country, topping the list in many of the counties. The bluebell was crowned the wild flower emblem for the whole of the United Kingdom, and was endorsed by the PlantLife's patron, HRH The Prince of Wales.

Why a wildflower emblem?

Flowers are a powerful means of expression - everyone recognises the poppy, iconic image of remembrance for those who fell in battle. The simple dog-rose has appeared on heraldic banners for over a thousand years and many towns and villages are named after plants – Bromley is named after the broom, Ramsey after ramson, otherwise known as wild garlic.

Reasons for the campaign

Plantlife launched the County Flowers campaign in order to highlight the threat that wildflowers are facing in Britain. A recent report from the charity shows that, on average, every county in the United Kingdom is losing one species of wild plant every two years due to habitat loss, pollution and intensive farming.

The flowers chosen

Many of the wildflowers chosen as county flowers are rare. Some are found only in the county or in narrow ranges. Some counties share a flower, for example the pasqueflower is the county flower for Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire, the harebell for County Antrim, Dumfriesshire and Yorkshire.

The following are the flowers selected for the counties of the United Kingdom in Plantlife's 2002 "County Flowers" campaign.

County Common name Scientific name Status
Aberdeenshire Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Native Bearberry
Anglesey Spotted Rock-rose Tuberaria guttata Native Spotted rock-rose
Angus Alpine Catchfly Lychnis alpina Native Alpine catchfly
County Antrim Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Native Harebell
Argyllshire Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Native Foxglove
County Armagh Cowbane Cicuta virosa Native Cowbane
Ayrshire Green-winged Orchid Anacamptis morio Native Green-winged orchid
Banffshire Dark-red Helleborine Epipactis atrorubens Native Dark red helleborine
Bedfordshire Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera Native Bee orchid
Berkshire Summer Snowflake Leucojum aestivum Native Summer snowflake
Berwickshire Rock-rose Helianthemum nummularium Native Rock-rose
Brecknockshire Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Native Cuckooflower
Buckinghamshire Chiltern Gentian Gentianella germanica Native Chiltern gentian
Buteshire Thrift Armeria maritima Native Thrift
Caernarfonshire Snowdon Lily Lloydia serotina Native Snowdon lily
Caithness Scots Primrose Primula scotica Native Scottish primrose
Cambridgeshire Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris Native Pasqueflower
Cardiganshire Bog-rosemary Andromeda polifolia Native Bog-rosemary
Carmarthenshire Whorled Caraway Carum verticillatum Native Whorled caraway
Cheshire Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Native Cuckooflower
Clackmannanshire Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium Native Opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage
Cornwall Cornish Heath Erica vagans Native Cornish Heath
Cromartyshire Spring Cinquefoil Potentilla neumanniana Native Spring cinquefoil
Cumberland Grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia palustris Native Grass-of-Parnassus
Denbighshire Limestone Woundwort Stachys alpina Native Limestone woundwort
Derbyshire Jacob's-ladder Polemonium caeruleum Native Jacob's-ladder
Devon Primrose Primula vulgaris Native Primrose
Dorset Dorset Heath Erica ciliaris Native Dorset heath
County Down Spring Squill Scilla verna Native Spring squill
Dumfriesshire Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Native Harebell
Dunbartonshire Lesser Water-plantain Baldellia ranunculoides Native Water-plantain
County Durham Spring Gentian Gentiana verna Native Spring gentian
East Lothian Viper's-bugloss Echium vulgare Native Viper's-bugloss
Essex Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas Native Poppy
Fermanagh Globeflower Trollius europaeus Native Globeflower
Fife Coralroot Orchid Corallorrhiza trifida Native Coralroot orchid
Flintshire Bell Heather Erica cinerea Native Bell heather
Glamorgan Yellow Whitlowgrass Draba aizoides Native Yellow whitlowgrass
Gloucestershire Wild Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus Native Wild daffodil
Hampshire Dog-rose Rosa canina Native Dog-rose
Herefordshire Mistletoe Viscum album Native Mistletoe
Hertfordshire Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris Native Pasqueflower
Huntingdonshire Water-violet Hottonia palustris Native Water-violet
Inverness-shire Twinflower Linnaea borealis Native Twinflower
Kent Hop Humulus lupulus Native Hop
Kincardineshire Clustered bellflower Campanula glomerata Native Viper's bugloss
Kinross-shire Holy-grass Hierochloe odorata Native Holy-grass
Kirkcudbrightshire Bog-rosemary Andromeda polifolia Native Bog-rosemary
Lanarkshire Dune Helleborine Epipactis leptochila Native Dune helleborine
Lancashire Red rose Rosa gallica officinalis Absent Red rose
Leicestershire Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Native Foxglove
Lincolnshire Common Dog-violet Viola riviniana Native Dog violet
County Londonderry Purple Saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia Native Purple saxifrage
Merionethshire Welsh Poppy Meconopsis cambrica Native Welsh poppy
Middlesex Wood Anemone Anemone nemorosa Native Wood anemone
Midlothian Sticky Catchfly Lychnis viscaria Native Sticky catchfly
Monmouthshire Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Native Foxglove
Montgomeryshire Spiked Speedwell Veronica spicata Native Spiked speedwell
Morayshire One-flowered Wintergreen Moneses uniflora Native One-flowered wintergreen
Nairnshire Chickweed Wintergreen Trientalis europaea Native Chickweed wintergreen
Norfolk Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas Native Poppy
Northamptonshire Cowslip Primula veris Native Cowslip
Northumberland Bloody Crane's-bill Geranium sanguineum Native Bloody crane's-bill
Nottinghamshire Autumn Crocus Crocus nudiflorus Archaeophyte Autumn crocus
Orkney Alpine Bearberry Arctostaphylos alpina Native Alpine bearberry
Oxfordshire Snake's-head Fritillary Fritillaria meleagris Native Snake's-head fritillary
Peeblesshire Cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus Native Cloudberry
Pembrokeshire Thrift Armeria maritima Native Thrift
Perthshire Alpine Gentian Gentiana nivalis Native Alpine gentian
Radnorshire Radnor Lily Gagea bohemica Native Radnor lily
Renfrewshire Bogbean Menyanthes trifoliata Native Bogbean
Ross-shire Bog Asphodel Narthecium ossifragum Native Bog asphodel
Roxburghshire Maiden Pink Dianthus deltoides Native Maiden pink
Rutland Clustered Bellflower Campanula glomerata Native Clustered bellflower
Selkirkshire Mountain Pansy Viola lutea Native Mountain pansy
Shetland Shetland Mouse-ear Cerastium nigrescens Native Shetland mouse-ear
Shropshire Round-leaved Sundew Drosera rotundifolia Native Round-leaved sundew
Somerset Cheddar Pink Dianthus gratianopolitanus Native Cheddar pink
Staffordshire Heather Calluna vulgaris Native Heather
Stirlingshire Scottish Dock Rumex aquaticus Native Scottish dock
Suffolk Oxlip Primula elatior Native Oxlip
Surrey Cowslip Primula veris Native Cowslip
Sussex Round-headed Rampion Phyteuma orbiculare Native Round-headed rampion
Sutherland Grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia palustris Native Grass-of-Parnassus
Tyrone Bog-rosemary Andromeda polifolia Native Bog-rosemary
Warwickshire Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Native Honeysuckle
West Lothian Common Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii Native Common spotted-orchid
Westmorland Alpine Forget-me-not Myosotis alpestris Native Alpine forget-me-not
Wigtownshire Yellow Iris Iris pseudacorus Native Yellow iris
Wiltshire Burnt Orchid Neotinea ustulata Native Burnt orchid
Worcestershire Cowslip Primula veris Native Cowslip
Yorkshire Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Native Harebell

Other flowers

In addition to county flowers, Plantlife determined some city and island flowers. The island flowers are:

Fuchsia Hebridean spotted-orchid Thrift Pyramidal Orchid
Isle of Man
Crown dependency 		Outer Hebrides
Inverness-shire and
Ross-shire 		Isles of Scilly
Cornwall 		Isle of Wight
Hampshire
Fuchsia[1]
Fuchsia magellanica 		Hebridean Spotted-orchid
Dactylorhiza fuchsii hebridensis 		Thrift
Armeria maritima 		Pyramidal Orchid
Anacamptis pyramidalis

Outside links

References

  1. ↑ The Isle of Man also has a traditional national flower; the ragwort or cushag

Books

  • The list of county flowers above is taken from the county flowers page at Plantlife's website [1].
  • County statuses are taken from:
    • Stace, C. A., R. G. Ellis, D. H. Kent and D. J. McCosh (2003) Vice-county Census Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Great Britain Botanical Society of the British Isles
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